IN CASE STUDY OF THENZAWL, DILPUI, TUIRIHIAU
MANGVUNGA DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY GOVT AIZAWL NORTH COLLEGE 2019-2022
Govt Aizawl North College Department of Geography has conducted field study at Thenzawl village during 31 March to 1st April 2022. Thenzawl village is well known for handloom industry . During the study tour, field study was conducted upon the already structures questionnaire. On 31st March 2022 Thenzawl golf course visited. 1st April 2022 Tuirihiau waterfall and Dilpui lake visited.
IMPORTANCE OF FIELD WORK
Fieldworkk constitutes an imponant aspect of Geographical studies. It helps us in understanding the realities of man and his environment in his immediate sutToundings. There are marked differences in vegetation, wild life, social and cultural and economic characteristics in different regions. These are often influence by the physiographic, natural vegetation, soil condition and occupation of the people. These aspects need fieldwork by which we can collect infomation and data and analyzed them. But the data collected and compiled from other sources may not often be adequate or suitable for geographical studies, hence the need for fieldwork by which we can generate our own data and fieldwork provides us an opportunity to obsewe and to see the factual details of the region. The approach to field work varies depending upon the topic for investigation. The objective of fieldwork has also to be clearly stated. Fieldwork involved observation and recording in the fom of rough sketches or maps, compilation of data collection of infomation from local sources and photograph if possible.
DESIGN OF THE FIELD WORK
Before conducting field study, the area or the topic of the study should be decided and available infomation, data and maps etc were collected. A base map of the area should be prepared for the purpose of plotting the data on the map with appropriate cartographic techniques. We may require several copies of maps or toposheets and data's. The large scale topographical map of the area may be consulted for understanding the characteristics of the area in terms of relief, vegetation, soil conditions, settlement pattern, transport and communications etc. Often it may become necessary to conduct field study by selecting a particular area rather than a total suwey of the region which is time consuming. For example if the total area of the region is very large, we may select a particular area for detail investigation. From that information we get and, the data collected, and from the Toposheets, we can easily study the whole region in general.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Thee objective of the present study is take into account the Socio-Economic Activities/Agriculture and Allied Activities of Thenzawl Town. The present study tried to analyze and give the general infomation of the Geographical Settings such as Physiography, Geology, Climate, Drainage, Natural Vegetation and Soil. The study tried to correlate how the physical setting determine the activities of Human being in a palticular area i.e. Thenzawl Town modify and changes their sunounding Environment for their benefits. It also takes into account the Socio-Economic activities performed in the Town and especially in Venghlun Area of the town. Thus it tent to study various fact like Population, Settlement, Occupation, Education, Transport & Communication and how is the present situation of facilities function in the town. This study also tried to find the relationship between the Geographical setting and the Socio-Economic activities. Lastly, it also propose to take into account the Problems under coming Slow Development of various aspect and way to improve such hardship by giving suitable suggestion in a convenient manner.
SOURCES OF DATA
For writing up of Field Report, the collection of data falls under two categories: The first category includes those, which were investigated and collected on the Field Study itself. This Primmy data are collected through questionnaire conducted by each student in each family relating to question of purpose of the study and personal observation. The second category consists of those Secondary data, which are generated from Census of India, Unpublished Research Papers, magazine, Block Level Statistics and Relevant Documents. METHODOLOGY For the present study of Socio-Economic Activities. Some method have been employed to present the real picture of the town. First the area under study is show by the technique of MorphometTic analysis, which clearly Indicate the Geographical aspect. Secondly, through questionnaires consisting several relevant question put forth a clear picture of the town in every sphere of people activities.
LOCATION :
Thenzawll Town is located at the central part of Mizoram, i.e. within Serchhip District. It is 93 kms (Via Sialsuk) south of the state capital, Aizawl, and 33 kms West from Serchhip Town. The town area is bounded on its east by Serchhip area, separated by R.Mat. Sailam and Sialsuk area on its north and north west. Buangpui area on its west and Zote area on its south. The village area as a whole covers 248.1 1 Hec. Geographically, the town is located between 23 0 15'N latitude — 280 19' N laltitude and 920 45'E longitude — 920 48' E longitude. Thenzawl Town is located at the central part of Mizoram, i.e. with Serchhip District. It is 93 kms (Via Sialsuk) south of the state capital, Aizawl, and 33 kms West from Serchhip Town. The town area is bounded on its east by Serchhip area, separated by R.Mat. Sailam and Sialsuk area on its north and north west. Buangpui area on its west and Zote area on its south. The village area as a whole covers 248.1 1 Hec. Geographically, the town is located between 23 0 15'N latitude — 280 19' N laltitude and 920 45'E longitude — 920 48' E longitude.
HISTORICALL BACKGROUND :
Inn 1863, Thangduta of Sailo Chief, Son of Lalrivunga established a village near Vantawng area, south east of the present Thenzawl village. Wien Thangduta shifted the village to Kanghmun. Lalrikhuma and party established a village nearby. Then this village grows and exists till today fonned the Present 'Thenzawl Town Literally the Name 'Thenzawl' is derived from the combination of two words Then' meaning the name of one common tree species found in the area and 'Zawl' meaning 'level' of 'plane'. Then taking these two words together, form the name of the Study Area 'Thenzawl' The Chiefs of Thenzawl as recorded in the Book 'Thenzawl History' were: I Thangduta, who first occupied the place. Bengkhuaia, famous for his invasion to Cachar Tea Garden, brought Mary Winchester home. Lalkhami. Ngurchhina. Thenzawl Town, locating in the central part of Mizoram is lying at a low altitude, Physically since the climatic condition is not at all the same with the larger parl of the state and the relief of the area also shows difference from most ol' the town area of the state, it cannot be compared with most of the others areas of the state. Therefore a detailed study of those different physical characteristics of the town and its sorrounding areas will be made here under.
PHYSIOGRAPHY.
Thenzawll Town is lying in the area of low altitude. Unlike the other areas of the other towns, the area is made up of low lying plain, gentle slope hills, rolling plains etc. sunounded by higher hill ranges like Lungrang hill range on its easterm side and Sialsuk range on its nolthelll side. One can refer the area as lying in the basin mostly sulTounded by hills. The relief of the area ranges from 400m to 1000m where the majority of the area is lying within the height of 700 to 900m. Lungrang hill on the south eastern side of the village and Sialsuk hill on its northern side reach the height of 1000m. While the valley of the Lau river shows the lowest point i.e. below 500m, against in its nothern area. This northern area shows a rugged and steep slope where the continuation of Sialsuk hill range descends to deep valley cut by Lau fiver. Apart from this, most of the other areas have no such a rugged relief. They were made up of small hills having rolling and gentle slope where the intervening valleys were wide and largely used as agricultural field.
DRAINAGE :
Thenzawll area is divided from the other hill ranges by mainly two rivers. R,Mat on its eastern side flowing in North-South direction and R.Tlawng on its westem side flowing in SouthNorth directions. Thenzawl and its surrounding areas are drained by many small rivers, which are the tributaries of R.Mat. Largely we can divide the area under three drainages basin. Such as R. Vanva basin covering the north eastern pafi, R.Saphak basin covering the whole southern part and R.Lau basin covering the whole north eastern side including the local area. As most palt of the area have a gentle surface. These rivers also developed wide valley in many place where ten-acing and irrigation for agricultural activities were practiced. Most of the drainage found in the area fom dendritic patten flowing down the slope and meet the other at acute angle forming a free like structure. In the southern parts where peneplain snucture are common, we have a little different pattem of drainage. Those rivers fomed a wide and gentle the subsequent streams at right angle in some locality. Even subsequent and obsequent streams are also recognized. But in the hilly areas of the north and eastern pall, those streams curved their valleys to a great depth developed V shaped valley in many place. e.g. R.Lau in the northern pafl. If one have a whole view of the area. Interestingly the drainage pattern could be recognized as Radial Pattern as all streams developed within the area flows away from the central i.e. the village area to all direction, north, east, south and so on.
GEOLOGY:
The geology of the study area has not been studied in detail due to its isolated location. Few works on geological exploration of the region have proved that the area is primarily composed of tertiary rocks which range from Oligocene period, The hill ranges especially eastern hills are shall)ly crested where Argillaceous f0mations abound. The rock shows splintery with shales and sandstones alternating with each other on the other slopes. Arenaceous sediments with loamy clay and sandstones are found. Interestingly the inclination of the sedimentary beds is almost horizontal in most of the eastern part as seen in the Vantawng fall (plate l) this results in the formation of nearly level or low and gentle hills in these areas. The geology of the study area is represented in general by repetitive succession of sediments thrown into approximately North-South trending longitudinal plunging anticlines and synclines where the anticlinal pollion formed the present Thorang hills ranges and Sialsuk ranges which merge into Thenzawl plain. Then, the synclinal portions were drained by R.Mat and R.Tlawng. Geologically rocks of Surma groups are exposed in the lower areas where altitude are marked with the rocks of Barail Series Plate I Vantawng Fall, showing Outcrops ofSedimentary Rocks and Forest area SOIL : The soil of the region has mainly being derived from teniary formation of rock which dominate. The lower slopes of the mountains exhibits gravelly and Sandstone character of soil. They are mostly leached soil from the upper slope. I Ii2her slopes exhibits characterixtic etomolory of leaning They mostly laterite soil With thin layers. 'l he soils on lower slopes and valley areas ate generally wet and fertile, I'lle soils ol' those eotlttlltl high humus lind are favorable for cultivation, Generally the soils are deficient in nitrogen content,
CLIMATE:
Generallyy the climate of Thenzawl area may be identified with tropical climate. As the Tropic of Cancer passes closely to this area and the area is locating at a low altitude, summer is generally hot with an average temperature ranging between 200C to 340C whereas winter is cool and the temperature may drop as as or below on winter night The record ol' the temperature in this region is more extreme than most of the other towns and villages ol' the state. I'llenp,awl area falls under the direct influence or South-West Monsoon, originated from the Bay Of Bengal and receives an adequa2e amount ol' rainfall mostly above 200 cm annually. The rainy season extends from the later pat or Ntay up to the middle of September, The most pleasant season i.e. Autumn, is experienced between the later parts or September up to the middle ol' November, Then, followed by (lty and winter season up to the middle of March.
GROWTH
In 1961, Thenzawl had a total population of 862 (415 male and 447 female). This number Increased shall)ly to 3535 in the next decade, i.e. 1971. During this decade a high growth rate of 310% was recognized due to gouping of the nearby villages duling the insurgency period i.e. 1968. In 1981, the total population decreased again to 3126 haN äng a negative growth rate i.e. — 1 1.57. This is due to the fact that some villages grouped to Thenzawl reoccupied their old village after a stlict period of insurgency. Then in 1991 the total population reached 4502 having a high growth rate of 44.01. The last census i.e.2001 then recorded the town population reaching 5507. (2760 male and 2747 female) Households, Total Population, Sex Ratio and Growth of Population, Thenzawl 1961-2001 Thenzawl is 90 kilometre from Aizawl. Thenzawl was a dense forest with many wild animals until it was cultivated im 1961 and inhabited. The media in Thenzawl includes; 1. Vantawng 2. Thenzawl Today 3. Zawlbuk Aw Cable TV 1. Thenzawl Cable Network 2. TS-Vision Tourist sites in the area include 1. Vantawng Falls- located 5 kilometre (3.1 mi) south of Thenzawl. 2. Bengkhuaia Thlan- The founder of Thenzawl Bengkhuaia invaded Alexandrapur in 1871 kidnapping Mary Winchester which brought about the British of Mizoram. He died around 1879 3. Vaibiak – The place from where they took back Mary Winchester. 4. Tualvungi thlan- There are two graves at Phulpui village in the Aizawl District of Mizoram India. It is said that Zawlpala, chief of Phulpui village, marriage the “legendary beauty” Tualvungi of 5. Thenzawl. Tualvungi was subsequently married to the chief of Rothai, Phunṭiha. But, Tualvungi could not forget Zawlpala, her previous husband. After many years when Zawlpala died, grief stricken Tualvungi came to Phulpui, dug a pit by the side of Zawlpala’s grave and asked an old woman to kill her and bury her in the grave. 6. Chawngchilhi Puk- A cave associated with a love story between a lady and a snake. 7. Tuirihiau falls- A beautiful waterfall near Thenzawl, upstream of Vantawng fall. 8. Dilpui- A beautiful lake near Thenzawl, Dilpui lake of AH and Veterinary farm at Thenzawl
THENZAWL GOLF COURSE
The Thenzawl Golf Course is a public golf course in a meadow at Thenzawl in Mizoram, India. The golf course is set at an altitude of 2568 feet. The Department of Tourism, Government of Mizoram has created the Thenzawl Golf Course as a part of sports and hospitality over an approximately 105 acre and the play space is 75 acre and comprises 18 holes area near Thenzawl town in Serchhip District of Mizoram. The golf course was inaugurated by Union Minister of state for culture and tourism Prahlad Singh Patel on 4 August 2020. This golf course at the cost of Rs 64.48 crore. Accommodation for golfers is provided by the golf club with an annex with thirty fully furnished log of Siberian pinewoods. Thenzawl Golf Course has been developed by the Tourism Department , Government of Mizoram under the ‘Integrated Development of New Eco-Tourism Destination under Swadesh Darshan’ promoted by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. The Swadesh Dharshan Scheme is one of the biggest tourism projects undertaken in Mizoram. The project has an international standard 18-hole Golf Course designed by Canada- based Golf Course Architect Firm Graham Cooke and Associates and 30 Eco- Log Huts using high grade pine wood imported from Russia. The facility also has a fully equipped 8000 sq ft clubhouse, equipment and operations warehouse, 8 nos. Union has per its rules and regulations has awarded the project as a Category ‘B’ Golf Course.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of scheme is to facilitate Mizoram excellent potential for tourism development with emphasis on eco-tourism and adventure tourism. As the State Government resource and expertise are of now inadequate to operate, maintain and market the Thenzawl Golf Course, it seeks professional and qualified private parties to supplement the infrastructure created in meeting its objectives, for better utilization of resource , to develop Tourism in Mizoram and to market the Golf Course in the national and international stage. Thenzawl 18 hole golf course accommodation for golfers is provided by the golf club with an annex with thirty fully furnished log of Siberian pinewoods. Others facilities include; Convention centre Tourist reception centre Café Billiards Food court Watch tower Open Air Theatre Numbers of visitors: People visit Thenzawl Golf Course more in the weekend, during the week days about 150 people visit these place but in the weekend around 300 people visit these place. Amount received from visitors: The entry is Rs200 per person, about Rs 30000 were received per day but people more in the weekend so that the amount received is much more in the weekend.
RATE FOR RENTAL AND ENTRY FEE ETC AT THENZAWL GOLF COURSE
1 Entry fee Rs 200 per head Still Cameras, Ki Cameras, Drones not allowed without charges Mobile Phones allowed 2 Golf Cart Riding Rs. 500 per head Subject to availability of Cart and Driver 3 Photography Rs.4000 per day Maximum 5 PAX. Entry fee exemptes. The 6th paxto pay entry fee 4 Videography including Drone Rs. 6000 per day Maximum 5 PAX, Entry fee exempted. The 6th paxto pay entry fee. 5 Log Hut (daytime use10:00 am to 5:00pm) Rs. 200 per day pax Subject to availability Entry Fee exempted (maximum 2 pax) 6 Log Hut Room Rate Rs. 4000 per night Subject to availability. Maximum 2 adults and 2 childrens below 12 years. Entry fee exempted. Check in 12:00 Noon and Check out 11:00am 7 Renting of Convention Centre Rs. 15000 for 3 hours and Rs. 1000/- per hour for every subsequent hours. Entry fee exempted 8 Outside Food Service for Groups Rs. 30 per head as cleaning/maintenance fee when food brought from outside. Minimum 10 members group 9 Pool Table (1 no) Rs. 1000 per hour Maximum 4 people of one table 10 Pay and Play (18 holes) Rs. 1000 per 2 hours maximum Demaged or loss of clubs/ balls to be paid as per as per MRP by the guest 11 Golf Club for Practice Rs. 300 per 2 hours 12 Rental Fee of Golf Ball Rs. 20 per 2 hours Thenzawl Golf Course is good opportunities economic growth for Thenzawl people. The impact of the golf course on the social economic life of people of Thenzawl with the help of secondary as well as primarily date bring out the same. It help for their business. Advantage of Thenzawl Golf course 1. Employment and income benefits, both direct and indirect. 2. Tax benefits to local, region and national governments. 3. Attracts new firms to the region. 4. Health and social benefits. Careers can befenit through “networking”. 5. Attracts the higher-spending social groups. 6. Helps conserves valuable fragments of coastal habitat from encroaching urbanisation and agriculture. 7. Increase local property values. 8. Recreation places for golf and non-golf activities such as jogging, walking and bird watching during non-play periods. 9. A place for social interaction and community events. 10. Community infrastructure that improves the quality of life of locals. 11. A business that provides skilled and semi-skilled jobs Provide "green space" in urban setting. 12. Wetland preservation areas. 13. Sanctuary habitats for wildlife and birds Turf grasses that create oxygen, air cooling and filters for ground water Disadvantage of Thenzawl Golf Course 1. Loss of Biodervisity 2. Eutrophication or river or seawater through use of fertilizers 3. Heavy user of water for irrigation. 4. Biocides use to maintain the greenness of the greens control insects, fungicide and weeds, containment both the air and water. 5. Golf clubs often portray an elitist and exclusive lifestyle. 6. Leads to an increase in road traffic 7. Raises property prices beyond the reach of local young people. .History of Thenzawl Golf Course & Resort 1. The Project was created under Swadesh Darshan Scheme of the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India and completed on 3rd December 2019 and the assets were handed over to Mizoram Tourism Development Authority (MTDA). Tourism Department, Government of Mizoram on 10th January 2020 2. Thenzawl Golf Course & Resort is owned by the Tourism Department, Government of Mizoram and managed and operated by Mizoram Tourism Development Authority (MTDA), a society under the Government of Mizoram. 3. Indian Golf Union recognizes Thenzawl Golf Course as a Category B Course which is a very prominent achievement for Tourism Department of Mizoram 4. Designed by Graham Cooke and Associates, one of the top-ranked Canada based Golf Course architectural firm in 2015. 5. The total site area is 105 acres and the play area is 75 acres - 18 Hole Golf Course with Sharing Fairway and automated sprinkler irrigation system by Rain Bird. USA. 6. It idesigned to have facilities of international standards. There are 30 Eco-Log Huts, Cafeteria, Open Air Food Court, Reception area and Waiting Lounge etc, all constructed with Siberian Pinewood and fully furnished with world class furniture and fixtures. 7. Training given for caddie, housekeeping, irrigation system. Golf Tournaments under sponsorship of Ministry of Tourism in association with professional Golf Unions in India such as PGTI etc. 8. Continued growth in revenue and number of rounds. (PICTURE OF THENZAWL GOLG COURSE)
DILPUI
Dilpui is a lake in Thenzawl, Mizoram. It is beyond the thenzawl village, probably 7-8 kms. It is a good place with potential for different activities. One can roam around. There is also boating facility. We saw there were picnic spots as well. Locals come for picnic here. It is quite a good place, nestled in trees. There is some entry fee. The entry fee for adults is Rs 50 per head and for children,you have to pay Rs 30 per head. There is trampoline,see-saw,swings for the kids and the boat rides cost Rs 50 per head,the pedal boats can fit four persons while the engine boats can fit around 8-10. Dilpui park has an average visitors of around 50 persons during weekdays and an average visitors of around 100 persons during the weekends. This park makes an average amount of ₹1500 and ₹5000 on weekdays and weekends respectively. But during vacations, roughly around 100- 150 people often visit this park which makes an income of around ₹10,000 including all the money made from the fun and enjoyable activities which is provided in the park. This park has around 5 shelter-like hut which is free of cost. This hut is very useful during sunny days and on a rainy days. A small shop is available in the area where one can by snacks and some hot and cold drinks. With a strictly control of the local forces, any product of alcohol and drugs is not allowed to consume or taken inside this park. People who disobeyed and broke this rule is often punished by the forces, payed some fines and even not allowing them to enter the park for some days. Most visitors are aware of this strict rule and often obey the rule made by the forces. The zip line ride cost Rs 50 per head.A perfect place to spend the day off. You can ride a horse at Dilpui Park at Rs 100 per head. But with full outfit it is Rs 300 per outfit. Dilpui Park is commonly used for shooting photos and videography such as weeding photos and music video and also used for shooting movie. Dilpui lake of AH and Vety Department farm at Thenzawl town area. Rates of Dilpui lake Slno Particular Rate 1 Entry fee 50(adult) 30(children below 10 years) per head 2 Photography/ Videography 2000/ day 3 Horse/ Pony Cart Rent Riding 100/ round 4 Cowboy Dress Rent 100/ head 5 Boating Engine Boat= 5/head/ round. Paddle boat (4 seater)= 200 15 minutes. Kayak (2 seater)= no charge 6 Ziplining 50 one time 7 Tent camping 200 head/night 8 Picnic 1000/day (PICTURES OF DILPUI LAKE)
TUIRIHIAU
The Tuirihiau Fall is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Thenzawl in Serchhip district in the state of Mizoram. Tuirihiau Falls Khawhthla or Tuirihiau Falls is the most spectacular of the waterfall and cascades in the fast flowing rivers of Mizoram. It is located in Vanva river near Buangpui. The uniqueness of this waterfall is that there are caves behind the waterfall is that there are caves behind the waterfalls and you see the falls from behind which was also very beautiful. And also it was carefully look after by the people of Thenzawl and seriously conserved the living things like fish, birds, animals etc. Each person pay 20 rupee for Tuirihiau park and make a good amount of money every year from the visitors. None of the worker doesn’t know the exact establish/opening year of Tuirihiau park which make the visitor sadden. Many institution visited this place almost every year and even group of friends and family visited too, which was very enjoyable. Number of visitors; People visit these place more in the weekend, during the week days about 150 people visit these place but in the weekend around 300 people visit these place. Amount received from visitors; The entry is Rs20 per person, about Rs3000 were received per day but people more in the weekend so that the amount received is much more in the weekend. Tuirihiau Falls Khawhthla or Tuirihiau Falls Falls is the most spectacular of all the waterfalls and cascades in the fast flowing rivers of Mizoram. The uniqueness of this waterfall is that there are enormous caves behind the waterfalls and you see the falls from behind which was also very beautiful. The water is always very cold during the summer times which is very unique compared to other waterfalls. And also it was carefully look after by the people of Thenzawl and seriously conserved the living things like fish, birds, animals etc.
(PICTURE OF TUIRIHIAU) Conclusion: Thenzawl, in the state of Mizoram is often called a Handloom City. Their product has reached not only other towns and villages within Mizoram, but other states of the country as well as foreign countries. Located 43 kms from Aizwal, the state capital, Thenzawl is an important hub of traditional Mizo handloom industry, which produces rich and colorful varieties of Mizo traditional textiles. The Industries Department under the Government of Mizoram has taken various initiatives in promoting this handloom industries and had even setup a Handloom Complex where almost all households own looms.
(GOVT. AIZAWL NORTH COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY 2022 BATCH) References: 1.Department of Tourism, Mizoram 2.www.wikipedia.com 3.www.thenzawlgolfresort.com 4. mytrip.guide 5. Mizoram tourism youtube channel.
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